Effect of Shading, Substrate, and Container Size on Argania spinosa Growth and Cost–Benefit Analysis

The production of argan seedlings in nurseries is considered a crucial step for the success any forest regeneration program since it increases rate survival and growth. Therefore, substrate container play vital role seedling production, while use shade may improve soil moisture decrease water stress plant. This study aims to determine effects these factors their interactions. For this, four levels (0%, 20%, 40%, 80%) six different compositions substrate, as well sizes forms containers, on were studied months under greenhouse conditions, based analyzing leaf mineral elements measuring morphological traits. According parameters, results show that 0% 40% are, respectively, best growth, germination higher only an unshaded compartment (85.28%). Furthermore, peat moss lead one rates (78.75%) finest plants terms chlorophyll content, shoot root largest (C2) had growth with 34.34 cm length. However, analysis, mainly total nitrogen concentration, correlated In addition, cost–benefit analysis confirmed this finding valorizes S1 (1/2 black 1/2 blond peat) C2 (volume: 3100 mL) most efficient economic combination levels.